 |
Acer palmatum var. dissectum 'Crimson Queen'
|
For magnificent color, delicate foliage, dramatic form, and
adaptability, Japanese maples can’t be surpassed. One of the best adapted small
trees to our area, they excel in specimen, accent, border, and mass plantings. They
do well in containers and are also valued as bonsai. With proper drainage and
aeration, they majestically frame water features. Their shallow root system
makes them well suited for rock gardens. Michael Dirr says Japanese maples lend “an artistic
and aristocratic touch” to the landscape.
Our slightly acid soil, so beneficial to azaleas, provides
an excellent culture for Japanese maples. Michael Dirr reports that he has been
“amazed at Japanese maple performance in zones 7 and 8.” Many perform well in less than perfect soil,
but plant Japanese maples in good organic matter with excellent drainage. Over-
fertilizing is detrimental. For the best coloration, plant red cultivars in
dappled shade. Deep shade will reduce red coloration while too much sun will
burn foliage. Green cultivars can take more sun. Morning sun with protection
from harsh afternoon sun is preferable. Since Japanese maples have a shallow
root system, mulch (1 to 11/2”) around the root zone to protect roots from weed
& grass root competition. Mulching also provides protection from water loss
in the summer & from root damage in the winter. Water requirements are
moderate, but be sure to provide adequate water in drought periods.
There are thousands of Japanese maple cultivars. According
to J. D. Vertrees, the majority of cultivars are from Acer palmatum. Other
cultivars come from Acer japonicum. Still
other Acer species are classified as ‘Maples from Japan.” The classification of
Japanese maples can be, as Michael Dirr points out, “a taxonomic nightmare.” Two resources that I
have used and recommend are:
Japanese Maples: The Complete Guide to Selection and Cultivation, Fourth Edition, J. D. Vertrees and Peter Gregory
Manual of Woody Landscape Plants, Sixth Edition (revised), Michael Dirr
Below are three (of the many) Japanese
maples that flourish in the Memphis area.
 |
Acer palmatum 'Sango Kaku' |
Acer palmatum ‘Sango
kaku’ : During winter, the coral
bark of the ‘Sango kuki’ provides striking color accent. ‘Sango kuki’ means
“coral tower.” The opposite simple bright green leaves have five or seven
lobes. Leaves are up to 5 cm long & 6 cm. wide. In the spring leaves have a
reddish margin that fades into light green by the summer. Fall foliage has
bright yellow with apricot accents. Maximum height is 35 ft, with maximum width
20 ft.
 |
Acer japonicum f. Acontifolium 'Dancing Peacock' |
Acer japonicum f.
Acontifolium ‘Dancing Peacock’: Prized
for its striking scarlet tones in autumn, this japonicum cultivar has deeply incised,
multi-divided leaves with 11 to 13 sharply toothed lobes. The foliage is often
described as fern-like. Maroon red
samaras compliment the dazzling red foliage. Reddish petioles intensify the
colors. During the summer the 3 to 6”
deep green leaves adorn sturdy horizontal branches. With a strong upright
multi-branching habit, this round topped tree can reach 16 ft.
 |
Acer palmatum f. dissectum |
Acer palmatum f.
dissectum: This graceful lace-leaf variety located in the area SE of the
red bridge in MBG’s Japanese Garden is one of my favorite trees to photograph.
During the fall, its 7, 9, or 11 lobed finely cut leaves turn brilliant crimson.
In contrast to the dramatic red foliage, the strong twisted dark trunk and branches
provide an elegant natural sculpture. The f. dissectum trees reach up to 15 ft.
and can live for a 100 years.
Jan Castillo
MG '05